Legal Words

Abatement:
Reduction or rebate of an amount owed, usually by agreement with the person to whom the debt is owed. Debts or claims may be abated pro rata if there is not enough money to meet them all.

Ab initio:
(Latin) from the beginning.

Acceptance:
One of three requirements for a valid contract under common law (the other two being offer and consideration). A contract does not become legally binding until one party has made an offer and the other party indicates his readiness to accept the terms of the offer. Acceptance must be unconditionally communicated to the offeror while the offer is still open. Acceptance of an offer can, in certain circumstances, be implied by conduct.

خشونت

خشونت فامیلی

معنی و مفهوم
خشونت به یک سلسله اعمال و رفتار مغایر با کرامت انسانی، گفته می شود که حریم انسانی طرف را شکسته وامنیت وآرامش روحی وجسمی را سلب نموده، واو رادچار، ترس وحشت واضطرا پریشانی ساخته به جسم وجان او آسیب می رساند . خشونت از انجام اعمال وحشیانه وضد انسانی خبر می دهد که کرامت انسانی ، آزادی ، اختیار، شخصیت وحیثیت انسانی قربانی را چه از حیث فیزیکی وچه از نقطه نظر روانی ، جریحه دار می نماید . اگر این اعمال وحشیانه وضد انسانی ، در محیط خانوداه ویادر رابطه با خانواده از طرف محیط اجتماعی وسیاسی تحمیل گردد ، به آن، خشونت فامیلی گفته می شود . خشونت فامیلی ، خشونتی است که از ناحیه شوهر واقربای زن ، خانواده و یا محیط اجتماعی- سیاسی براو روا داشته می شود . لازم نیست خشونت فامیلی اعمال وحشیانه وبسیار خطرناک باشد، بلکه مطلق نقض حقوق اولیه وانسانی زن ونا دیده گرفتن وزیر پاکردن آنها، خشونت فامیلی به حساب می آید و متسفانه بسیاری از مردان و یا احیاناً ، زنان مرتکب خشونت فامیلی می شوند بدون آنکه خودشان عقیده به ارتکاب خشونت داشته باشند چون تصویر روشنی از خشونت فامیلی ندارند و مصادیق و موارد آن را خوب نمیشناسند .

نظریه گاندی

گاندی هفت مورد را بدون داشتن هفت مورد دیگر خطرناک می دانست:
1. ثروت، بدون زحمت
2. لذت، بدون وجدان
3. دانش، بدون شخصیت
4. تجارت، بدون اخلاق
5. علم، بدون انسانیت
6. عبادت، بدون ایثار
7. سیاست، بدون شرافت
این هفت مورد را گاندی تنها چند روز پیش از مرگش بر روی یک تکه کاغذ نوشت و به نواسه اش داد.
اعتقاد بر این است که وی این موارد را در جستچوی خود برای یافتن ریشه خشونت شناسایی کرد.
در نظر گرفتن این موارد، بهترین راه جلوگیری از بروز خشونت در یک فرد و یا جامعه است. خشونت که آنرا خشونت پنهان مینا مند.

Sarepul one of the 34th province of Afghanistan by: Bahrami

Sare pul
One of the 34th province of Afghanistan that is located in North of Afghanistan Its capital is the city of sarepul, this province is bordered with following provinces, Jawzjan ,Balkh,faryab,ghor,bamyan,samangan, and it had six district as fallow Balkhab, Sanchrak, Gosfandi, Sayad, Kohistanat, Sozma qale.
The people of Sare pul province are from different tribes such a Pashton , Tajik , Uzbek, Hazar, Arabs the pashtons are in the center of the province , Tajik most of them are in Sancharak district and kohistanat , in Balkhab district most of the hazara people live , and remain or Uzbeks.
Sarepul is a beautiful province with it fantastic views, the sarepul river which divide the province into two part, and through to Jawz Jan province, Sare pul is an ancient province that had allot of artifacts such a tumble of Hazrat Emam khord and Hazrat Emam kalan, and many more.

The definition of law by: Khalid bahrami

The definition of law
First of all we divide law in to two parts one is law and the other one is right, first of all we have to know the different between these two.
Law: Laws are rules made by the government that tell people in a society how they should act. While every society has some type of law, it can take many different forms depending on the given society. Stable societies depend on government officials to enforce the laws and the citizens to obey them.
Right: is privilege and authority that is given by law.
Laws and Values Laws generally reflect people's ideas about right and wrong. However, not everything that is immoral is illegal. Laws often change over time as a society's values change. One goal of the law in democratic societies is to respect the majority's wants while protecting the rights of those who have less of a voice in the system.
Human Rights: Human rights are the rights that belong to people simply because they are human beings. Most countries have agreed to recognize and respect human rights by signing the Universal Declaration of Rights. The United Nations has developed a system of international treaties that protects specific human rights. Many countries also create laws aimed at protecting human rights. Our Constitution, Bill of Rights, and other state and federal laws are all influenced by a desire to protect human rights.

The last moments of president Sardar Dwood Khan Life:(Translated and Edited by: Mohammad Khalid Bahrami)

The last moments of president Sardar Dwood Khan Life
Seventh of SAWER 7:00Am
The president has come to his second floor saloon, and he is waiting for someone, three hours already he woke up.
7:10Am
One care comes in speed and the door is opened, one person comes out from the door.
7:15Am
The guards know the guest and let him to come, he was Mr. Abdull Qadir the minister of interior, he seated in front of the president he was taking and the president was listening to him. The main thought was about the leader of Democratic Party, because of that he made a big demonstration against the exits government.
7:30Am
The minister has gone a way back after hearing the report to the president.
8:15Am
The president asks for the tea, he ate the tea and gets dress for going to work.
9:10Am

جرم و عوامل آن؟

جرم و عوامل آن

دورکیم جامعه شناس فرانسوی می گوید: «هر عملی که در خور مجازات باشد، جرم است». یعنی هر فعل یا ترک فعلی که نظم و آرامش اجتماعی را مختل سازد و قانون نیز برای آن مجازاتی تعیین کرده باشد، «جرم» محسوب می شود.

به نظر دورکیم، «ما کاری را به خاطر «جرم» بودن محکوم نمی کنیم بلکه از آن جایی که آن را محکوم می کنیم جرم تلقی می شود.»

از نظر حقوقی نیز «جرم عملی است که بر خلاف یکی از موارد قانون مجازات عمومی هر کشور باشد و مجرم کسی است که در زمان معینی عمل او بر خلاف قانون رسمی کشور باشد.» (صناعی، ۱۳۴۱)

برای بررسی بهتر موضوع، پدیده جرم را از چند رویکرد تعریف می کنیم.

● رویکرد قانونی و حقوقی

«جرم یک عمل عمدی و ارادی بر علیه قانون است که غیر قابل حمایت و بخشودن بوده، مجرم باید دستگیر شود و به وسیله دولت مجازات گردد.» (تاپن، ۱۹۴۷)

Ahmad Shah Durrani

Ahmad Shāh Durrānī (c.1723-1773) (احمد شاه دراني), also known as Ahmad Shāh Abdālī (احمد شاه ابدالي) and born as Ahmad Khān Abdālī, was the founder of the Durrani Empire and is regarded by many to be the founder of modern Afghanistan.

After the assassination of Nader Shah Afshar, he became the Amir of Khorasan, and later became the founder and ruler of his own Empire. Rallying Pashtun tribes and allies, he pushed east towards the Punjab in Mughal India and west towards the disintegrating Afsharid Empire.

The Pashtuns of Afghanistan often call him Bābā ("father").

Full information about Kabul

Kabul



Kabul (Pashto/Persian: کابل Kābul; IPA: [kɑːˈbol][2]; archaic Caubul), is the capital and largest city of Afghanistan, with a population of over 2.5 million, and is located in the province of Greater Kabul. The exact number cannot be determined but the total provincial population of Kabul is anywhere between 3.5 to almost 5 million people.

It is an economic and cultural centre, situated 5,900 feet (1,800 m) above sea level in a narrow valley, wedged between the Hindu Kush mountains along the Kabul River. The city is linked with Ghazni, Kandahar, Herat and Mazar-e Sharif via a circular highway that stretches across the country. It is also the start of the main road to Jalalabad and, further on, Peshawar, Pakistan.

Childern and their rights in Afghanistan

Children Rights and their situation in Afghanistan


Children are the most weak group among other groups in Afghanistan. They are facing many problems such as lack of access to proper education, forced labor, abuse, trafficking, smuggling and other kinds of hazards and problems.

The Afghanistan Constitution states in article 43 that“Education is the right of all citizens of Afghanistan and should be provided up to bachelor level, free of charge by the state institutions.” Article 49 of the Constitution also states that “Imposing forced labour is prohibited”. The New Labour Code of Afghanistan states that minimum age for employment in light occupation is completion of 14 and the minimum age of 18 years for admission to hazardous occupations and work.

paghaman

ولسوالی پغمان یکی از ولسوالی‌های استان کابل در افغانستان است. فاصله پغمان از مرکز شهر یعنی چاراهی پشتونستان ۲۵ کیلومتر است. در باختر کابل واقع شده و دارای دو دره تفریحی و مشهور به نامهای دره بغمان و دره پشه‌یی است.

دره بغمان در میان خود دو دره کوچک دارد. نام یکی از آنها دره خوشک و دیگری دره چب است. دریا کابل از همین دره بغمان سر چشمه می‌گیرد که در کتاب‌ها بنام دره‌انی پغمان ذکر شده است. در مرکز پغمان به فاصله ۳ کیلومتر دورتر یک تپه قرار دارد که از آن تپه به نام تپه پغمان یاد می‌شود و یک جای تفریگاه است.

وقتی از تی دل خوشحالی،بگذار تا چهره ات این شادمانی را نشان دهد.