The last moments of president Sardar Dwood Khan Life:(Translated and Edited by: Mohammad Khalid Bahrami)

The last moments of president Sardar Dwood Khan Life
Seventh of SAWER 7:00Am
The president has come to his second floor saloon, and he is waiting for someone, three hours already he woke up.
7:10Am
One care comes in speed and the door is opened, one person comes out from the door.
7:15Am
The guards know the guest and let him to come, he was Mr. Abdull Qadir the minister of interior, he seated in front of the president he was taking and the president was listening to him. The main thought was about the leader of Democratic Party, because of that he made a big demonstration against the exits government.
7:30Am
The minister has gone a way back after hearing the report to the president.
8:15Am
The president asks for the tea, he ate the tea and gets dress for going to work.
9:10Am

جرم و عوامل آن؟

جرم و عوامل آن

دورکیم جامعه شناس فرانسوی می گوید: «هر عملی که در خور مجازات باشد، جرم است». یعنی هر فعل یا ترک فعلی که نظم و آرامش اجتماعی را مختل سازد و قانون نیز برای آن مجازاتی تعیین کرده باشد، «جرم» محسوب می شود.

به نظر دورکیم، «ما کاری را به خاطر «جرم» بودن محکوم نمی کنیم بلکه از آن جایی که آن را محکوم می کنیم جرم تلقی می شود.»

از نظر حقوقی نیز «جرم عملی است که بر خلاف یکی از موارد قانون مجازات عمومی هر کشور باشد و مجرم کسی است که در زمان معینی عمل او بر خلاف قانون رسمی کشور باشد.» (صناعی، ۱۳۴۱)

برای بررسی بهتر موضوع، پدیده جرم را از چند رویکرد تعریف می کنیم.

● رویکرد قانونی و حقوقی

«جرم یک عمل عمدی و ارادی بر علیه قانون است که غیر قابل حمایت و بخشودن بوده، مجرم باید دستگیر شود و به وسیله دولت مجازات گردد.» (تاپن، ۱۹۴۷)

Ahmad Shah Durrani

Ahmad Shāh Durrānī (c.1723-1773) (احمد شاه دراني), also known as Ahmad Shāh Abdālī (احمد شاه ابدالي) and born as Ahmad Khān Abdālī, was the founder of the Durrani Empire and is regarded by many to be the founder of modern Afghanistan.

After the assassination of Nader Shah Afshar, he became the Amir of Khorasan, and later became the founder and ruler of his own Empire. Rallying Pashtun tribes and allies, he pushed east towards the Punjab in Mughal India and west towards the disintegrating Afsharid Empire.

The Pashtuns of Afghanistan often call him Bābā ("father").

Full information about Kabul

Kabul



Kabul (Pashto/Persian: کابل Kābul; IPA: [kɑːˈbol][2]; archaic Caubul), is the capital and largest city of Afghanistan, with a population of over 2.5 million, and is located in the province of Greater Kabul. The exact number cannot be determined but the total provincial population of Kabul is anywhere between 3.5 to almost 5 million people.

It is an economic and cultural centre, situated 5,900 feet (1,800 m) above sea level in a narrow valley, wedged between the Hindu Kush mountains along the Kabul River. The city is linked with Ghazni, Kandahar, Herat and Mazar-e Sharif via a circular highway that stretches across the country. It is also the start of the main road to Jalalabad and, further on, Peshawar, Pakistan.

Childern and their rights in Afghanistan

Children Rights and their situation in Afghanistan


Children are the most weak group among other groups in Afghanistan. They are facing many problems such as lack of access to proper education, forced labor, abuse, trafficking, smuggling and other kinds of hazards and problems.

The Afghanistan Constitution states in article 43 that“Education is the right of all citizens of Afghanistan and should be provided up to bachelor level, free of charge by the state institutions.” Article 49 of the Constitution also states that “Imposing forced labour is prohibited”. The New Labour Code of Afghanistan states that minimum age for employment in light occupation is completion of 14 and the minimum age of 18 years for admission to hazardous occupations and work.